Abnormal

score : 41
 * 20 - 49 points:** You are an average on-line user. You may surf the Web a bit too long at times, but you have control over your usage

CHAPTER 12 NOTES: MENTAL DISORDERS – Page 462 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association


 * 1.5 million hospitalized; additional 4-5 million seek help
 * Depictions of mental disorders are often inaccurate
 * Statistically, mental patients are less violent than those in the “normal” population

 What constitutes abnormal behavior?
 * 1) Person suffers from discomfort more or less continuously. (Shows up as extreme anxiety, endless worry, or long periods of depression; feels something is wrong w/ his/her life more than the average person does)
 * 2) Person is behaving in a bizarre <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> fashion. (Misinterprets what is going on or what others are doing/saying; afraid to go to work or school; frequently comes completely apart over minor things or sinks into a depression about them)
 * 3) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Person is very <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">inefficient <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">and is therefore unable to perform their life roles properly.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Characteristics of Abnormal Behavior:
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Inflexible <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> in their responses to almost everything (Ex: Shy, withdrawn man goes to a party and a few people are nice to him; instead, he thinks they only “feel sorry” for him)
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Constantly see a <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">threatening <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> environment (Ex: See danger, rejection, and failure around every corner)


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Disorder || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Subsets  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Description  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Comments/Connections/Questions (CCQ)  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">First diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Hyperactivity

-Autism || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Problems such as hyperactivity childhood fears conduct disorders,, frequent bed-wetting, and other problems in social and behavioral development. || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I think this is very common to many children. My sister used to bet wet till she was 10. But eventually has stopped now ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Cognitive Disorders || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Delirium

-Dementia

-Amnesiac || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Problems caused by physical deterioration of the brain due to aging, disease or drugs or possible unknown causes. ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Substance-Related Disorders || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Alcoholism

-Chemical abuse || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Psychological, behavioral, physical or social or legal problems caused by dependence on or abuse of chemical substances. ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Thought disorder, hallucinations, delusions, inappropriate emotional responses)  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Schizophrenia
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS

-Catatonic Schizophrenia

-Paranoid Schizophrenia

-Undifferentiated Schizophrenia || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Most serious mental disturbance; schizophrenia affects about 1% of the population; often arises in late adolescence or early adulthood; word salad (incoherence) and clang associations (rhymes); cycles of lucidity and psychosis; heredity does not seem to be the key factor (90% of patients do not have members in their immediate family who suffer from it); environment may contribute to the development for those who have a predisposition; linked to high levels of dopamine

-Disturbances of movement; does not speak or says little; appears to be in a stupor; may rigidly hold strange posture and may not move for hours

-Strong feelings of persecution or suspiciousness; delusions

-Lacks distinguishing symptoms ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(deal with one’s emotional state) || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Dysthymic Disorder
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MOOD DISORDERS

-Major Depression

-Mania

-Bipolar Disorders (Manic Depression or Manic Depressive Psychosis) || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Severe disturbances of mood, depression, overexcitement, or alternating episodes of each extreme. ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(most common)  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Panic Disorder
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ANXIETY DISORDERS

-Phobic Disorders

-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Specific fears (phobias), panic attacks, rituals of thoughts and actions. Aimed at contolling anxiety, problems caused by traumatic events such as rape or milllitary combat. ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(expressed in bodily symptoms)  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Conversion Disorders
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">SOMATOFORM DISORDERS

-Hypochondriasis || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Physical symptoms such as paralysis or blindless that have no physical cause. Unusual preoccupation with the physical problems. ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(disconnects or disassociates certain events/behaviors from one another; very rare)  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Amnesia
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Factitious Disorders ||   || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">False mental disorders that are intentionally produced to satisfy some psychological need. ||   ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

-Fugue

-Dissociative Identity Disorder || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Psychologicaally caused problems of consciousness and self identification eg loss of memory (amensia) or the development of more than one identity. ||  || -Unsatisfactory sexual activity ||   || -Self vomitting (bulimia) ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sexual and Gender Disorders ||   || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Finding problems of sexual arousal through unsual objects or situations.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Eating Disorders ||   || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Problems associated with eating too much food (obesity) or eating less (anorexia)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sleep Disorders ||   || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sleep problems involving sleep cycle, ability to sleep well at night and wake up during the day ||   ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Impulse Control Disorders ||   || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Compulsive gambling or slealing or fire setting. ||   ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Adjustment Disorders ||   || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Failure to adjust to or deal with such stressors as divorce, financial problems or other unhappy events ||   ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PERSONALITY DISORDERS (Personalities are “off-center”) || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Antisocial Personality (Psychopaths and Sociopaths)

-Borderline Personality || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Lack of conscience; often in conflict w/ the law and show little or no concern, guilt, or anxiety; sometimes have a family history of neglect and rough treatment

-Created in 1980; characterized by intense and unstable relationships w/ others; very dependent; self-destructive behavior to manipulate others; suspicious and therefore difficult to treat ||  ||